Voltage Dividers and Current Dividers

7-1: Series Voltage Dividers
7-2: Current Dividers with Two Parallel Resistances
7-3: Current Division by Parallel Conductances
7-4: Series Voltage Divider with Parallel Load Current
7-5: Design of a Loaded Voltage Divider

7-1: Series Voltage Dividers

VT is divided into IR voltage drops that are proportional to the series resistance values.
Each resistance provides an IR voltage drop equal to its proportional the part of applied voltage:

This formula can be used for any number of the series resistances because of the direct proportion between each voltage drop V and its resistance R.
The largest series R has the largest IR voltage drop.

7-1: Series Voltage Dividers

The Largest Series R Has the Most V

7-1: Series Voltage Dividers

Voltage Taps in a Series Voltage Divider
Different voltages are the available at voltage taps A, B, and C.
The voltage at each tap point is the measured with respect to ground.
Ground is the reference point.

Fig. 7-2b: Series voltage divider with voltage taps

7-1: Series Voltage Dividers

7-2: Current Dividers with Two Parallel Resistances

7-3: Current Division by Parallel Conductances

For any number of parallel branches, IT is divided into
the currents that are proportional to the conductance of the
branches.
For a branch having conductance G: